Which group was Israel attacked by and subsequently declared war on?

Israel declared war on Hamas following a series of violent confrontations and attacks. Hamas is a Palestinian militant organization that has been involved in armed conflict with Israel for many years. The declaration of war often indicates a significant escalation in hostilities, which has been exemplified by various military operations initiated by Israel in response to rocket fire and other forms of aggression from Hamas.

While other groups such as Fatah, Hezbollah, and the broader Palestinian population have had various degrees of conflict with Israel, the specific context of Israel's declaration of war following attacks points directly to Hamas. Understanding the relationship between Israel and Hamas is critical, as it involves not just military engagement but also deeper historical, political, and social complexities that define the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.